The process of making marshmallows is as follows: Pour the solid sugar cubes into a small heating tank with many small holes around the mouth of the tank; the openings are located on the bottom of a large metal container. As the heating tank melts the sugar into liquid, the entire device begins to spin.
Then, extremely small liquid sugar droplets begin to be ejected from the small hole on the top of the heating tank. Under the action of rotating centrifugal force, the sugar droplets are thrown out of the small hole and condense in the air into sugar strands that are almost invisible to the naked eye.
During this melting-spraying process, the surface area of the sugar increases countless times, and it quickly solidifies from liquid to solid in the cold air. At this time, the entire metal container is filled with a large number of tiny sugar strands, which can be collected with a cone-shaped paper stick and rolled into the familiar auto cotton candy machine shape.
The working principle of the marshmallow machine seems very simple, but confectionery practitioners finally invented it after years of exploration. The book "Complete Housewife" published in 1773 wrote in the opening words: "Take a quarter-pound lump of triple-refined sugar and melt it over a gentle fire." When the sugar is fully melted in the dish, begin When "flowing like water", dip the tip of a knife into a little liquid sugar, then quickly pull out a long and thin sugar strand, and immediately wrap the sugar strand around the outside of a mold. Then keep repeating this process. If you act quickly enough, you can create a bird's nest-shaped candy before the sugar finally sets.
Thankfully, for today's marshmallow makers, this kind of patience and agility is no longer a necessity. In 1897, two Americans applied for a patent for a cotton candy machine. "Yours truly," the application begins, "we, William J Morrison and John C Wharton, two residents of Nash, Davidson County, Tennessee, United States. A citizen of the city of Vail invented a auto cotton candy machine with innovative uses... The machine contains a container that holds liquid sugar in a melted state. After the container is rotated, the liquid sugar is converted into threads or filaments through the centrifugal force of the container. ."
Although as boring as other patent documents, this marshmallow machine caused a huge sensation at the time. At the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, Morrison (who, coincidentally and hilariously, was a dentist at the time) and Wharton made a fortune selling marshmallows to visitors. According to an article written by authoritative foodie Bruce Feile at the time, the two sold a total of 68,655 marshmallows during the expo. (Readers with a sweet tooth, please note: the famous waffles also made their debut at this Expo.) The marshmallow machines at the time had obvious vibration problems, which were improved by later generations - however, what was described in the earliest patent The basic working principle is still used today.
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